O le Myoclonus e faʻaalia e ala i le tupu mai o musele pupuu. O nei mea e fa'aalia e ala i gaioiga fa'afuase'i. E iai ituaiga eseese e aofia ai le moe myoclonus, poʻo le myoclonus lona lua lea e tupu faʻapitoa ile epilepsy.

O le Myoclonus o se fa'agasolo pu'upu'u o le maso e mafua ai le le mafaufau, fa'afuase'i ma fa'afuase'i gaioiga. E mafai ona tupu fa'afuase'i pe tupu fo'i o se tali atu i se fa'aosofia e pei o le pisa po'o le emo o le malamalama. E mafai ona tupu le twitching i se maso e tasi pe afaina ai se vaega o maso.

O le faʻataʻitaʻiga masani o le myoclonus o le hiccups, poʻo le phrenoglottic myoclonus. O le i'uga lea o le fa'asolosolo o fa'ama'i maso fa'atasi.

O le myoclonus e mafai ona mafua ona o le faʻafuaseʻi o le faʻamaʻi maso poʻo le taofi faʻafuaseʻi o le gaioiga o maso. O nei fa'ailoga e mafai ona iai ni fa'amatalaga. Faʻalagolago i le tulaga, e tolu ituaiga o myoclonus:

• physiological myoclonus, ia e fesoʻotaʻi ma le gaioiga o le tino;
• myoclonus lona lua, e mafua mai i le tulai mai o se faaletonu i le tino;
• les myoclonies iatrogènes, o taunuuga ia o togafitiga faafomai.

O mafuaʻaga o le physiological myoclonus

Myoclonus e mafai ona fesoʻotaʻi ma le gaioiga o le tino. E mafai ona matou faʻataʻitaʻiina:

• phrenoglottic myoclonus, e sili ona lauiloa o le hiccups;
• moe amata myoclonus, poʻo le moe myoclonus, lea e faʻaalia e pei o se teʻi i le moe ma e masani ona tupu i nai minute muamua o le moe.

O isi mafua'aga fa'aletino ua fa'ailoaina fo'i. E aofia ai le popole, faamalositino ma taumafa.

Mafuaaga o le myoclonus lona lua

O le myoclonus lona lua e mafai ona mafua mai i faʻafitauli eseese e pei o:

• epilepsy, o se ma'i neurological lea o le myoclonus o se tasi lea o fa'ailoga autu;
• tu'inanau, aemaise i le taimi o le ma'i Creutzfeldt-Jakob, fa'ama'i o le Alzheimer, fa'ama'i pipisi o Lewy, fa'ama'i o le tino i luma po'o le ma'i Rett;
• spinocerebellar degeneration, lea e tupu i le tulaga o le tele o faʻamaʻi neurodegenerative e pei o le maʻi o Parkinson, faʻamaʻi Huntington, faʻamaʻi Ramsay-Hunt poʻo le maʻi o Wilson;
• encephalopathies fa'aletino ma hypoxic, fa'aletonu ole cerebral lea e tupu fa'apitoa ile taimi ole eletise, vevela vevela, hypoxia, manu'a fa'aleaga fai'ai ma ma'i fa'aletonu;
• encephalopathies o'ona, fa'aleagaina o le cerebral lea e mafua ona o le mamafa o le uamea;
• fa'ama'i pipisi, aemaise ile encephalitis lethargic, herpes simplex virus encephalitis, post-infectious encephalitis, malaria, syphilis ma Lyme disease;
• o nisi fa'afitauli o le gasegase, e pei o le hyperthyroidism, fa'aletonu o le ate, fa'aletonu o le fatu, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia e le-ketotic ma le hyponatremia.

O mafuaʻaga o iatrogenic myoclonus

Myoclonus e mafai i nisi taimi ona avea ma taunuuga o togafitiga faafomaʻi. E mafai, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, mulimuli mai:

• togafitiga o le mafaufau, aemaise lava pe a faʻaaogaina lithium, antidepressants poʻo neuroleptics;
• nisi togafitiga faʻamaʻi pipisi, aemaise lava pe a faʻaaogaina quinolones;
• nisi o togafitiga o le fatu;
• le faʻaaogaina o fualaau moe;
• le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau faʻamaʻi;
• ave vai fa'ama'i.

O fa'aaliga fa'afoma'i o le myoclonus e eseese mai lea mataupu i lea mataupu. E mafai ona latou eseese faapitoa i le amplitude ma le tele o taimi. I tulaga e sili atu ona ogaoga, e mafai ona fa'alauteleina le gaioi o maso i le amataga o le faoa faamalosi.

Pe a lautele le myoclonus, faʻaauau pe toe faʻaalia, e fautuaina vave faʻatalanoaga faafomaʻi. O le pulega fa'afoma'i e mafai ai ona iloa ma togafitia le mafua'aga o le myoclonus.

Ina ia faʻamalamalamaina le mafuaʻaga o le myoclonus, e masani ona manaʻomia le faia o le electrophysiological faamaumauga o gaioiga le masani ai.

Ina ia faʻamama le gaʻo maso, e mafai ona faʻatinoina togafitiga faʻapitoa i nisi taimi. E mafai ona faʻavae i luga o le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau eseese:

• benzodiazepines, e pei o le clonazepam, o se vasega o vailaʻau o le mafaufau;
• anti-epileptics pei ole valproate;
• nootropics pei ole piracetam;
• anticonvulsants pei ole leviracetam.